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Igneous rock ( igneous from Latin igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava . The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet 's mantle or crust.
Jan 31, 2024 · Learn about igneous rocks, which form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Discover their characteristics, classification, formation, and global distribution with examples and word origins.
Igneous rocks are defined as types of rocks that are formed when molten rock (rock liquefied by intense heat and pressure) cools to a solid state. Lava is molten rock flowing out of fissures or vents at volcanic centres (when cooled, they form rocks such as basalt, rhyolite, or obsidian). Pyroclastic deposits are accumulations of fragmented ...
- Igneous rocks are formed from the magma and begin the rock cycle, hence they are known as primary rocks.
- Basalt is the most common type of igneous rock. The majority of the ocean floor is composed of basalt.
- Diorite, granite, pegmatite are intrusive igneous rocks.
- Basalt, tuff, pumice are extrusive rocks.
- Pumice is a light-coloured, extremely porous igneous rock that is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions.
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Jun 26, 2024 · Igneous rock, any of various crystalline or glassy rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of magma, which is a hot (600 to 1,300 °C, or 1,100 to 2,400 °F) molten or partially molten rock. Igneous rocks constitute one of the three principal classes of rocks, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary.
Oct 19, 2023 · Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is . magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.When lava comes out of a volcano and solidifies into extrusive igneous rock, also called volcanic, the rock cools very quickly ...
These rocks include: andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria, and tuff. Pictures and brief descriptions of some common igneous rock types are shown on this page. Dacite is a fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock that is usually light in color. It has a composition that is intermediate between rhyolite and andesite.
Igneous rocks (from the Latin word for fire) form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. The melt originates deep within the Earth near active plate boundaries or hot spots, then rises toward the surface. Igneous rocks are divided into two groups, intrusive or extrusive, depending upon where the molten rock solidifies.Intrusive ...
