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Inspite of differences in structure and form of different animals, there are fundamental features common to various individuals in relation to the arrangement of cells, body symmetry, nature of coelom, patterns of digestive, circulatory or reproductive systems.
- 4.2 Classification of Animals
- 4.1 BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
- 4.1.1 Levels of Organisation
- 4.1.6 Notochord
- 4.2.1 Phylum – Porifera
- 4.2.3 Phylum – Ctenophora
- 4.2.7 Phylum – Arthropoda
- 4.2.8 Phylum – Mollusca
- 4.2.10 Phylum – Hemichordata
- 4.2.11.5 Class – Reptilia
- SUMMARY
- EXERCISES
When you look around, you will observe different animals with different structures and forms. As over a million species of animals have been described till now, the need for classification becomes all the more important. The classification also helps in assigning a systematic position to newly described species.
Inspite of differences in structure and form of different animals, there are fundamental features common to various individuals in relation to the arrangement of cells, body symmetry, nature of coelom, patterns of digestive, circulatory or reproductive systems. These features are used as the basis of animal classification and some of them are discu...
Though all members of Animalia are multicellular, all of them do not exhibit the same pattern of organisation of cells. For example, in sponges, the cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates, i.e., they exhibit cellular level of organisation. Some division of labour (activities) occur among the cells. In coelenterates, the arrangement of cells is...
Notochord is a mesodermally derived rod-like structure formed on the dorsal side during embryonic development in some animals. Animals with notochord are called chordates and those animals which do not form this structure are called non-chordates, e.g., porifera to echinoderms.
Members of this phylum are commonly known as sponges. They are generally marine and mostly asymmetrical animals (Figure 4.5). These are primitive multicellular animals and have cellular level of organisation. Sponges have a water transport or canal system. Water enters through minute pores (ostia) in the body wall into a central cavity, spongocoel,...
Ctenophores, commonly known as sea walnuts or comb jellies are exclusively marine, radially symmetrical, diploblastic organisms with tissue level of organisation. The body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates, which help in locomotion (Figure 4.8). Digestion is both extracellular and intracellular. Bioluminescence (the property of a li...
This is the largest phylum of Animalia which includes insects. Over two-thirds of all named species on earth are arthropods (Figure 4.12). They have organ-system level of organisation. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented and coelomate animals. The body of arthropods is covered by chitinous exoskeleton. The body consists of he...
This is the second largest animal phylum (Figure 4.13). Molluscs are terrestrial or aquatic (marine or fresh water) having an organ-system level of organisation. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomate animals. Body is covered by a calcareous shell and is unsegmented with a distinct head, muscular foot and visceral hump. A sof...
Hemichordata was earlier considered as a sub-phylum under phylum Chordata. But now it is placed as a separate phylum Proboscis under non-chordata. Hemichordates have a rudimentary structure in the collar region called stomochord, a structure similar to notochord. This phylum consists of a small group of worm-like marine animals with organ-system le...
The class name refers to their creeping or crawling mode of locomotion (Latin, repere or reptum, to creep or crawl). They are mostly terrestrial animals and their body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales or scutes (Fig. 4.22). They do not have external ear openings. Tympanum represents ear. Limbs, when present, are two pairs. He...
The basic fundamental features such as level of organisation, symmetry, cell organisation, coelom, segmentation, notochord, etc., have enabled us to broadly classify the animal kingdom. Besides the fundamental features, there are many other distinctive characters which are specific for each phyla or class. Porifera includes multicellular animals wh...
What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account? If you are given a specimen, what are the steps that you would follow to classify it? How useful is the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom in the classification of animals? Distinguish between intracellul...
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom enrich students with answers to all the questions in the NCERT textbook. The NCERT solutions are crafted by subject-matter experts at BYJU’S, and are solved accurately, following the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24.
Apr 24, 2024 · NCERT Book Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom is here. You can read and download Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 PDF from this page of aglasem.com. Animal Kingdom is one of the many lessons in NCERT Book Class 11 Biology in the new, updated version of 2023-24.
- Biology
- 11
- Ch 4
- Biology
- 34 min
- Recommended Video
- Phylum Porifera. Porifera means organisms with holes. They are commonly known as Sponges. Features of the poriferan are: Non-motile, multicellular organisms with a hard outer skeleton.
- Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) The term Coelenteratais derived from the Greek word “kilos” which means hollow-bellied. Their features are: Have a hollow body cavity.
- Phylum Platyhelminthes. Platyhelminthes are commonly known as flatworms. Their features are: Dorsoventrally flattened body. Complex and have differentiated body structure.
Mar 26, 2024 · Animal Kingdom Revision Notes from Class 11 Biology chapter 4 provide a quick overview of the Kingdom Animalia's eukaryotic, multicellular species, basis of classification and classification of animals.
NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Animal Kingdom. Topics and Subtopics in NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom: Animal Kingdom Phylum List. NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Biology Sample Papers. NCRT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED.
