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Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثانى, romanized: Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, Turkish: II. Mahmud; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
Jul 20, 1998 · Mahmud II (born July 20, 1785, Constantinople—died July 1, 1839, Constantinople) was an Ottoman sultan (1808–39) whose westernizing reforms helped to consolidate the Ottoman Empire despite defeats in wars and losses of territory.
May 23, 2018 · The Ottoman sultan Mahmud II (1785-1839) attempted to hold together and rebuild the empire by administrative reforms, but interior instability and foreign wars proved obstacles too great to overcome. Mahmud was born on July 20, 1785, son of Abdul Hamid I and cousin of the reforming ruler Selim III.
Sultan Mahmud II, the Empire’s 30 th ruler, was a major advocate of reform. Mahmud reigned from 1808-1839, at the time of his ascension to the throne, the Ottoman Empire had fallen into a period of decline.
Jun 5, 2024 · The forces of Mustafa and the grand vizier Çelebi Mustafa Paşa together recovered Istanbul, deposed Mustafa IV, installed Mahmud II—the son of Abdülhamid I—as ruler, and recommenced some of the reforming policies that had been initiated by Selim.
Mahmud II ( Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثاني Mahmud-ı sānī) ( July 20, 1785 – July 1, 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He ruled from 1808 until his death. Mahmud was the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid I.
Mahmud II ( Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثانى, romanized: Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, Turkish: II. Mahmud; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
"Mahmud II" published on by null. (1784–1839)Ottoman Sultan (1808–39). He came to the throne on the deposition of his brother, Mustafa IV, and continued the reforming policies of his cousin, Selim III (1789–1807).
By the time of the death of Mahmud II in 1839, the Ottoman Empire was diminished in extent; it was more consolidated and powerful than it had been at its height but was increasingly subject to European pressures, with Russia supporting and Britain opposing separatist movements and the other powers oscillating between.
Jun 20, 2024 · The Ottoman Empire in an Age of Reform: From Sultan Mahmud II to the End of the Tanzimat Era, 1808–1876 Heather J. Sharkey , University of Pennsylvania Book: A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East
